money Scientific expedition takes weather monitoring to new heights, literally
A new comprehensive scientific expedition named "Earth Summit Mission 2022," which is a part of China's second scientific research survey of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is taking scientists to new heights, literally.
On the top of the world's highest peak, at an altitude of 29,029 feet (8,848 meters), Chinese scientists are establishing the world's highest meteorological monitoring station.
On Wednesday, the 12-member crew reached the summit of Mount Everest, also known as Mount Qomolangma, which will be the new location for the automatic weather station. At the summit, crew members used high-accuracy radar for the first time to measure the thickness of the ice and snow. They also collected samples of the snow, ice and rock for further research.
The solar-powered station is designed to last for two years under harsh weather conditions. According to various Chinese media reports, it is equipped with a satellite communication system for data transmission, and the radio has been coded to transmit every 12 minutes.
According to the Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP) group under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), this weather station is the highest altitude of its kind, replacing the 2019 station, which sits at an altitude of 27,657.5 feet (8,430 meters) and was installed by the U.S. and British scientists on the south side of the mountain.
One of China's main tasks in this scientific expedition is to install eight elevation gradient meteorological stations on Mount Everest. Three of the eight stations have already been installed earlier this year. The stations sit at 23,057.7 feet (7,028 meters), 25,557.7 feet (7,790 meters), and 27,230.9 feet (8,300 meters), and the newest one will be the highest sitting at 29,029 feet (8,848 meters).
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The data collected from these weather stations will yield valuable insight into the condition of mountain snow and local glaciers, which have been the water source for more than 10 major rivers in Asia that nurture billions of people.
It will also help scientists understand and monitor the global monsoon system, so that policymakers can make informed decisions regarding climate change, sustainable development and biodiversity preservation.
Additionally, the new weather stations are expected to make climbing safer, as roughly a quarter of fatalities on the mountain occur due to bad weather. Previously, climbers had to rely solely on weather forecasts, which were mere predictions based on model data, but the new station will allow forecasts to be combined with real-time weather data, making them more accurate.
"From a scientific point of view, the changes in the climate and environment of the Tibetan Plateau can affect the whole world," Yao Tandong, the leader of the summit mission, said in an interview with Xinhua, the official state press agency, before the mission, the South China Morning Post reported.
Since the mid-20th century, China has launched multiple research expeditions to Mount Everest, but the majority of those studies have been conducted below an altitude of 19,685 feet (6,000 meters), which led to many unanswered questions in the scientific community about how climate change is affecting the mountain.
The data from these new weather stations will allow scientists to study and analyze the effects of human activity and climate change on the region.
But preparing for an expedition like the one the 12-member crew undertook Wednesday took more than 200 people and two years of fastidious work.
The crew was equipped with the most advanced scientific instruments available, such as drones, uncrewed surface vehicles, weather balloons, airships and even helicopters, according to a news article from China Daily.
"As our research continues, I believe we will have more discoveries and developments to share with the world," Tandong told the China Daily.
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