Invasive pythons slither north in Florida Everglades: May mean snake 'population is expanding'

WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. – The last stronghold of the northern Florida Everglades – a sprawling scruff of emerald in western Palm Beach County – had its first reported invasive python sightings this fall as the parasite slithers north.

Biologists had long suspected the destructive snake was in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge after python DNA was detected in the preserve’s veins of freshwater.

But as recently as late October, invasive plant control contractors for the South Florida Water Management District put eyes on one of the voracious eaters, adding to two other unverified but “credible” sightings.

“We have finally, unhappily, sighted a Burmese python in the interior of the refuge,” said University of Florida wildlife professor Frank Mazzotti, who leads the Croc Docs research team out of Fort Lauderdale.

Mike Kirkland, an invasive animal biologist with the water management district, said he is meeting with refuge officials this week to discuss how they should best counter the nascent visible python assault.

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Besides attempting to capture the python, the best thing to do includes reporting a sighting immediately so a python rapid response unit can be dispatched.

“We know they are in the refuge but haven’t been seeing them and once you start seeing them that is an indication that the population is expanding,” Kirkland said. “The fact that we’ve had a few sightings recently leads me to believe there are more there.”

The district contracts with the University of Florida for emergency help with invasive species, including the most recent python sighting in the refuge.

“We responded within hours but it was gone,” Mazzotti said. “If you see a python basking and if you are not there quickly, you’ll miss it.”

The refuge is 144,000 acres of tree islands and sawgrass ridges and cattail mires and cypress swamp and sloughs that run like fluid seams through it all. Most of the refuge is accessible only by airboat or helicopter making a quick response almost impossible.

In other areas of South Florida, pythons are often caught while they sun themselves on levees that run through wetland areas or when they are spotted by hunters driving along the levees at night. But there are no levees running through the gut of the Lox Refuge.

“It’s like finding a needle in a haystack,” Kirkland said about nabbing a python in the refuge.

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A U.S. Geological Survey study published online in March 2019 said it found evidence of a "resident python population" in the refuge.

USGS scientist Margaret Hunter tested water throughout the refuge for python DNA between 2014 and 2016, finding the amount of positive samples "consistent with the pattern expected for a resident python population."

Hunter, who worked with several other USGS researchers on the project, said most of the water that tested positive for python DNA was near the center of the refuge where people would be less likely to spot a snake.

A 10-foot-long python was found on a levee near the southeast side of the refuge in 2016, and there have been sightings in parking lots adjacent to the refuge, but it’s been unclear how established the snake has become.

In September 2019, the water management district announced a new element in its python hunting program that nearly doubled the pay for contractors willing to patrol the refuge.

Hunters can earn $15 an hour in the refuge as opposed to $10 in other areas of South Florida. Hunters are also paid based on an incentive of $50 for each python measuring 4 feet or longer and an extra $25 for each foot measured above 4 feet.

About 5,250 pythons have been removed by district hunters since the program began in March 2017. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission hunters caught an additional 3,385 pythons.

“We don’t expect them to capture a lot of pythons because the populations are very low in the refuge compared to other project areas,” Kirkland said about why the district upped the pay in the refuge. “We want to keep it that way and that’s why we give the extra incentive for contractors to service that area.”

This article originally appeared on Palm Beach Post: Florida Burmese pythons now spotted in national wildlife refuge